Single Particle Optical Sizing The AccuSizer 780 uses the method of single-particle optical sizing (SPOS) to quickly count and size a large number of particles, one at a time, thus constructing the true particle size distribution (PSD). This approach is in sharp contrast to "ensemble" methods, such as laser diffraction and sedimentation, which must process information produced simultaneously by many particles. These alternative techniques require the use of complex mathematical algorithms to invert the data and yield only rough approximations of the PSD, with limited accuracy and very poor resolution. The AccuSizer determines PSDs with resolution and accuracy comparable to those produced by the classical resistive-pore, or electrozone, method. The 780 does not miss the "details", which are often critically important in determining the quality of many products. A wider size range, higher count rate, compatibility with any liquid or gas, and relative immunity to clogging make it an instrument in a class all its own. The SPOS particle sizing method requires that concentrated suspensions be diluted, in order to eliminate particle coincidences in the sensing photozone. Excessive dilution results in too low a count rate and poor statistical accuracy of the PSD, while overly concentrated suspensions produce distortions in the distribution. The AccuSizer 780 uses AutodilutionPat, which quickly and automatically dilutes the starting sample to the optimum concentration, resulting in efficient and accurate analysis. Trial-and-error manual dilution is eliminated, paving the way for single-keystroke operation; a complete analysis and flush cycle can be completed in less than 3 minutes. The 780*s single particle sensitivity detects the important features in the size distribution which other techniques usually miss. Single particle optical sensing makes the measurement accurate, while AutodilutionPat and leading-edge electronics make it fast and easy to use. Trading off accuracy and resolution for speed and ease of use no longer have to be made with the AccuSizer 780. The AccuSizer 780 delivers reliable size and count data for even the largest particles.A few outliers can spell the difference between product success and failure; however traditional laser diffraction particle size analyzers cannot detect large particle outliers in a sea of smaller particles.The AccuSizer 780 reveals particle size differences that previously went unnoticed.The 780 is a stable, sensitive instrument that uses Single Particle Optical Sizing (SPOS) to count and size particles one at a time, eliminating missed particles while allowing:
Recently,an independent study proved that SPOS analyzers were 1,500 to 25,000 times more sensitive in detecting outliers than light scattering and accoustical sizing instruments. The AccuSizer 780 can also resolve fine particle distributions that are directly related to the materials' properties. It is a proven and valuable tool that laboratories around the world are already using to reformulate their product lines from R&D to production. A modular solution to meet your most challenging applications The AccuSizer 780 AD Autodiluter is the cornerstone of the modular family of instruments. The AccuSizer 780 AD incorporates a series of wide dynamic range sensors with a single stage exponential diluter to provide a flexible high resolution, accurate, sensitive particle sizer. It provides particle size information with unprecedented resolution and accuracy. It is especially suited to providing information on particle size distributions (PSDs) that are on scale but is not limited in the statistical information that it can provide on tails of mostly submicron distributions. This patented module eliminates the need for manual dilution of concentrated samples. Autodilution makes particle size analysis quick and easy, with no training required. Results are highly reproducible. AccuSizer 780/APS Automatic Particle Sizer
The APS has been called the bolder detector by many of our customers because of its ability to detect low levels of aggregates several standard deviations away from the mean of the distribution. Often these aggregates are the difference between a good and bad sample. One independent study showed the APS was 1,500 to 25,000 times more sensitive in seeing outliers in the CMP slurry than commonly used laser light scattering and acoustical sizing instruments. The same sensitivity will apply to other applications such as inks, pigments, drug emulsions where a few large particles spell the difference between success and disaster. AccuSizer FX Focused Extinction The AccuSizer FX is a new breed of particle size monitoring system designed to go from the R&D lab to the process line with minimum system reconfiguration. The FX utilizes a patented focused beam technology that allows the sensor to focus on a specific area of the flow channel to count and size individual particles at concentration levels that are hundreds of times higher than traditional sensors. Although this type of approach has been tried by other techniques it has been plagued by low resolution and accuracy. The new FX sensor technology utilizes a patented electro-optical configuration that maintains the same levels of resolution and accuracy found in traditional SPOS sensors. The AccuSizer 780/LVS Large Volume Sizer The AccuSizer 780/LVS Large Volume Sizer is specifically designed to analyze large volumes of liquid with particles as large as 2000 microns. Often it is imperative to pass large amounts of diluted dispersion through an SPOS sensor. The key to the AccuSizer LVS system is its large volume dilution chamber that combines the ease of use of autodilution with the speed of a quick flushing fluidics system. AccuSizer 780/SIS Syringe Injection Sampler
When volumetric sampling is paramount, the SIS sampler fits the bill. With syringes ranging from 0.5 to 25 ml and a precision stepper motor with over 25000 steps per pull the SIS sampler is a perfect addition to the family of modular instruments. It is specifically suited to applications in the pharmaceutical industry such as USP <788> small and large volume injectables. Now available for use with the AccuSizer 780/SIS is 21 CFR Part 11 compliant software, Calibration and Validation SOPs. AccuSizer 780/OL Online Our patented Autodilution technology has allowed us to take our laboratory instrumentation known for high precision, accuracy, resolution and reproducibility,and carry it to the process line. Simple customizable computer controlled fluid-sampling devices are used to grab a precise aliquot of concentrated in-line dispersion and automatically inject it into the Autodilution system. Then, just as in our laboratory systems, the sample is diluted to the optimal concentration for an SPOS measurement, without regard to its initial concentration or particle size distribution (PSD). The resulting PSDs, with unique single particle resolution are identical to those that historically could only be obtained in the research laboratory. No longer must correlation algorithms and complex statistical tools be developed to compare laboratory findings with online results. The Autodilution module is an integral part of both of our laboratory instruments- the AccuSizer 780 Single Particle Optical Sizer and the Nicomp 380 Submicron Particle Sizer. These laboratory instruments have been modified to meet the rigors imposed by online process monitoring. They have been redesigned utilizing ruggedized com-ponents and are housed in different classes of NEMA enclosures, depending on the application. These vary from dust and waterproof enclosures to explosion-proof modules that can handle even the most aggressive environments, including high pressures and sub-zero temperatures. Multi-port systems are available with specialized software to monitor multiple points in an online process. These reduce costs while maximizing coverage to ensure that quality control requirements are met. Users have a choice of using either an embedded mode Windows based controller or a Programmed Logic Controller (PLC) which are often found in process control systems. In either case the resulting data can be displayed on screen or passed to a Laboratory Information Management System (LIMS) as an ASCII file. It provides for limitless posbcapture data analysis that can easily be customized by the user with common programs found on all modern computer systems. The AccuSizer 780/OL system is able to detect minute amounts of oversized particles in the tail of the process dispersion. It has produced results where the difference between a good and bad sample is determined by a few hundredths percent in volume fraction above a particular critical particle diameter, several standard deviations above the main peak of the distribution. It is also able to detect very small percentages of “fines” in the presence of larger particles. These fines often play an important role in determining the viscosity, flowability and other characteristics of both the process dispersion and the final product. |
工作原理
目錄結(jié)構(gòu):
1.單顆粒光學(xué)傳感技術(shù)簡介
2.傳統(tǒng)光阻法和光散法測量粒度的原理
3.PSS的SPOS技術(shù)介紹
1、單顆粒光學(xué)傳感技術(shù)簡介
單顆粒光學(xué)傳感技術(shù)(Single Particle Optical Sizing, SPOS)是一種用于測量溶劑中懸浮粒子的大小和數(shù)量濃度的激光粒度檢測通用技術(shù)。在SPOS技術(shù)中液體懸浮液中的粒子流經(jīng)傳感器的樣品池時,在激光光源的照射下,被阻擋或者被散射的光會轉(zhuǎn)變成脈沖電壓信號,脈沖信號的大小是由粒子的截面面積和物理判定規(guī)則即光散射或者光阻共同決定的。光阻也被稱為不透光度或者光消減。而粒子間的相互阻擋和散射是和粒子的大小和濃度是有關(guān)系的,利用脈沖幅度分析器和校準(zhǔn)曲線便可以得到懸浮粒子的數(shù)量濃度和粒度大小分布。傳統(tǒng)光阻法可以測得1.5μm以上的粒子和并具有較高的分辨率。
單顆粒傳感技術(shù)(SPOS)常見粒度儀檢測技術(shù)在檢測粒徑分布中的重要不足—粒子數(shù)量的統(tǒng)計。自AccuSizer 780系列儀器誕生,以往以犧牲精確性和分辨率來換取檢測速度和易用的歷史一去不復(fù)返!
粒粒皆清楚,不丟失任何細(xì)節(jié)。
2.傳統(tǒng)光阻法與光散射法原理
Figure 1 光阻法檢測示意圖
圖1為光阻法檢測原理圖,待測液體流過橫截面很小的流通池,流通池兩側(cè)裝有光學(xué)玻璃,激光器的光束通過透鏡組準(zhǔn)直,光束穿過流通池并被光電探測器所接收。若待測液體中沒有顆粒,則光電探測器接收到的光信號穩(wěn)定不變,輸出的電壓信號也恒定,將此恒定信號作為基準(zhǔn)電壓;若液體中有顆粒物質(zhì),顆粒通過流通池傳感區(qū)域,將會遮擋激光,光電探測器接收到的光信號減小,產(chǎn)生一個負(fù)的脈沖電信號,如下圖2所示。
Figure 2 光電二極管信號
脈沖信號幅度與基準(zhǔn)電壓信號有如下關(guān)系:
(1)
式(1)中:E為顆粒遮擋引起的脈沖幅度;a為顆粒的有效遮擋面積(等效為球形);A為光電探測器的有效面積;E0是沒有顆粒時的光電探測器所產(chǎn)生的基準(zhǔn)電壓。因此,脈沖信號幅度對應(yīng)顆粒的大小,脈沖信號個數(shù)對應(yīng)顆粒的數(shù)量。
Figure 3 光散射法檢測原理圖
圖3為光散射法檢測原理圖,待測液體流過流通池,流通池兩側(cè)裝有光學(xué)玻璃,激光器的光束通過透鏡組準(zhǔn)直,光束穿過流通池,照射在光陷進(jìn)上。若待測液體中沒有顆粒,則光電探測器就收不到光信號,若液體中有顆粒,顆粒通過流通池,與激光光束發(fā)生散射現(xiàn)象。某一個(或幾個)角度下的散射光通過透鏡收集匯聚到光電探測器上,產(chǎn)生正的電信號脈沖,脈沖信號的幅度和散射光強(qiáng)成正比。根據(jù)信號的幅度和個數(shù)可以對液體中的微小顆粒進(jìn)行計數(shù)檢測。
當(dāng)光束照射含有懸浮微粒的液體時光能減弱。根據(jù)文獻(xiàn), 此時懸浮液中微粒會對光產(chǎn)生散射和吸收等作用,因為這些作用導(dǎo)致的光強(qiáng)減弱與微粒的濃度存在線性關(guān)系。在文獻(xiàn)中引用了如下公式,來描述當(dāng)微粒濃度較小時,透射光強(qiáng)與入射光強(qiáng)之間的關(guān)系:
它對應(yīng)于因為散射和吸收而導(dǎo)致光的衰減總量。有米氏散射的理論,隨著微粒的增大,光強(qiáng)大量集中于前向0度角附近,圖1中我們也可以注意到這一點。(4)式中沒有考慮到這樣的事實:在光阻法檢測中,前向0角度附近的散射光仍然能夠被探測器接收,因此必須考慮對散射系數(shù)進(jìn)行修正。實際中(4)式變?yōu)椋?/p>
3.PSS技術(shù)的單顆粒光學(xué)傳感技術(shù)簡介
經(jīng)過光感區(qū)域的粒子由于大小不同,光強(qiáng)隨之產(chǎn)生相應(yīng)的變化。將探測器收集的光信號轉(zhuǎn)換成電壓信號,不同的電壓信號對應(yīng)不同的粒徑大小,從而得到微粒的粒徑。美國PSS粒度儀公司(Particle Sizing Systems)的單顆粒光學(xué)傳感技術(shù)(Single Particle Optical Sizing,SPOS)是在傳統(tǒng)光阻法(LE)大顆粒光學(xué)傳感技術(shù)的基礎(chǔ)上加入了激光散射模塊(LS)。在兩個模塊(LE+LS)同時運行的情況下,檢測下限由原來純光阻的1.5μm下探至0.5μm。使得其在大顆粒檢測領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用更加的廣泛。
SPOS技術(shù)對粒子的信號響應(yīng)方式是信號與特定粒子相對應(yīng)的。AccuSizer 780系列儀器中的傳感器通過兩種不同性質(zhì)的物理作用():光消減(light extinction, LE)與光散射(light scattering, LS)對通過傳感器的粒子進(jìn)行測定。光消減技術(shù)檢測通過流動池的光強(qiáng)變化,擁有檢測粒子的粒徑范圍廣且與粒子組份無關(guān)等優(yōu)點。然而,它的靈敏度有限。另一方面,光散射技術(shù)具有相對窄的動態(tài)粒徑范圍 (取決于檢測器/放大器的飽和值),但能檢測到小粒徑的粒子,使用大功率激光光源還能檢測到粒徑更小的粒子。通過合并光消減和光散射響應(yīng)信號,傳感器可同時擁有這兩種方法的優(yōu)點,因而在不損失單粒子分辨率巨大優(yōu)勢的前提下?lián)碛邢鄬^廣的動態(tài)粒徑范圍。
圖4 PSS的SPOS原理圖
分析方法及原理 | 光阻法(基于單顆粒光學(xué)傳感技術(shù)) |
測量范圍(傳感器可選) | 0.5-400μm 1.5-400μm 2.0-1000μm 25.0-2500μm 50.0-5000μm |
樣品類型 | 水相/有機(jī)相 |
通道數(shù)量 | 512 |
自定義通道數(shù) | 32 |
流速范圍 | 5-120ml/min |
進(jìn)樣量 | 50μl-1000ml |
進(jìn)樣方式 | 自動 |
樣品濃度 | 1011個/ml |
符合標(biāo)準(zhǔn) | USP787、788、789、1788;CP0903 |
流速準(zhǔn)確性 | ±5% |
體積準(zhǔn)確性 | ±5% |
粒徑準(zhǔn)確性 | ±2% |
計數(shù)準(zhǔn)確性 | ±10% |
磁力攪拌模塊 | 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)配置 |
機(jī)械攪拌模塊 | 可選配 |
自動進(jìn)樣器 | 可選配 |
Windows系統(tǒng) | Windows 7以上專業(yè)版操作軟件 |
分析操作軟件 | 標(biāo)配:符合21CFR PART11規(guī)范的法規(guī)分析軟件 |
電源選項 | 220 – 240 VAC,50Hz 或100 – 120 VAC,60Hz |
外形尺寸 | 主機(jī):46cm*31cm* 17cm |
重量 | 約21kg |
傳感器 | LE400-05(0.5μm-400μm) LE400-1(1μm-400μm) LE1000-2(2μm-1000μm) LE2500-5(5μm-2500μm) LE5000-50(50μm-5000μm) | 提供了寬泛的測量范圍,客戶可以根據(jù)自己實際需要,選擇適合自己樣品的測量范圍的傳感器。 |
Syringe | 選配:1ml, 標(biāo)配:2.5ml,10ml,25ml | 根據(jù)樣品量的不同,選用不同容量的注射器,可以滿足不同的測樣量要求 |
PFA管 | 標(biāo)配:1/8 選配:1/16 | 根據(jù)樣品量的不同,選用不同管徑的高凈PFA管,可以滿足從毫升到微升的測樣需求 |
攪拌臺 | 標(biāo)配 | 配備可調(diào)速式攪拌臺,無需人工攪拌 |
升降臺 | 標(biāo)配 | 配備自動升降臺,可以根據(jù)樣品位置,調(diào)整到適宜的取樣高度 |
自動進(jìn)樣器 | 選配 | 可配備自動進(jìn)樣器實現(xiàn)多達(dá)76個連續(xù)樣本分析而無需操作人員的干預(yù)。自動化控制,省時省力 |
蠕動泵 | 選配 | 根據(jù)樣品量的不同,可以配備蠕動泵進(jìn)樣方式,滿足超大容量樣品測試需求 |
注射泵 | 10-120ml/min | 配備步進(jìn)電機(jī)驅(qū)動的超高精度注射泵,實現(xiàn)對樣品采集的精確控制以及超長的使用壽命; |
Cable | 10/14針 | Counter與Sensor、Sampler的連接采用航空級鋁制插頭,實現(xiàn)超長使用壽命及超高的通訊穩(wěn)定性; |
清洗套件 | Mirco 90 | 傳感器Flow cell專用清洗套裝,保證在長期使用之后可以恢復(fù)清潔狀態(tài); |
性能確認(rèn)用標(biāo)粒 | PQ:MML 0.8&2&5 藥典:海岸鴻蒙、USP標(biāo)準(zhǔn)粒子 | 采用符合NIST的進(jìn)口標(biāo)準(zhǔn)粒子對設(shè)備進(jìn)行性能確認(rèn); |
校準(zhǔn)用標(biāo)粒 | Duke:0.5;0.7;0.8;1.0;1.7;2.0;5.0;10;15;25;50;100μm | 采用符合NIST的進(jìn)口標(biāo)準(zhǔn)粒子對傳感器進(jìn)行校準(zhǔn); |
軟件 | 標(biāo)配:Accusizer | 法規(guī)軟件滿足21CFR的各項要求;可以滿足各類醫(yī)藥客戶對儀器的各類法規(guī)要求; |
注射液 | 含有大量不溶性微粒的輸液進(jìn)入人體可直接造成體溫升高,心跳加快,更甚可導(dǎo)致休克。這是由不溶性微粒在身體某部位疊加堆積造成。主要癥狀有:血管阻塞,刺激發(fā)炎,肉芽腫,血液凝結(jié)等?,F(xiàn)今各國藥典均把注射劑中的不溶性微粒檢查作為必檢項目之一,隨著檢查要求越發(fā)嚴(yán)格,F(xiàn)DA最近期望企業(yè)能檢測的下限下探至2μm |
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Nicomp 380 系列彩頁 | ||
序號 | 文件類型 | 下載鏈接 |
1 | PSS_380合集_Brochures_CN_v3.0 | |
2 | PSS_N3000_納米粒度儀_flyer_CN_v4.0 | |
3 | PSS_Z3000_納米粒度及Zeta電位分析儀_flyer_CN_v4.0 | |
4 | PSS_Nicomp_3000_粒度分析儀系列_Brochures_V4.4 |
AccuSizer 780 系列彩頁 | ||
序號 | 文件類型 | 下載鏈接 |
1 | PSS_780合集_Brochures_CN_v3.0 | |
2 | PSS_不溶性微粒專題_flyer_CN_v3.0 | |
3 | PSS_粒度儀在醫(yī)藥行業(yè)的應(yīng)用_flyer_CN_v3.0 | |
4 | PSS_A2000_SIS_不溶性微粒檢測儀_flyer_CN_v4.0 | |
5 | PSS_A7000_APS_大乳粒檢測儀_flyer_CN_v4.0 | |
6 | PSS_A7000_AD_多功能自動計數(shù)粒度儀_flyer_CN_v4.0 | |
7 | PSS_FMS_flyer_CN_v3.0 | |
8 | PSS_AccuSizer_2000_不溶性微粒分析儀系列_Brochures_V4.4 | |
9 | PSS_AccuSizer_7000_計數(shù)粒度分析儀系列_Brochures_V4.4 | |
10 | PSS_AccuSizer_9000_高濃度納米顆粒計數(shù)器系列_Brochures_V4.4 | |
11 | PSS_FMS_在線粒度儀系列_Brochures_V4.4 |